High Middle Ages

The High Middle Ages, falling between the Early Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages, spanned from the 11th century to the 14th century (c. 1000-1300). It was a period of population increase in Europe bringing change from the social and economic decline during the Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, following the fall of the Roman Empire.

A time of growth

Near the beginning of the High Middle Ages, barbarian invasions had ceased, the Vikings settled, Western Europe became politically organized and with the population growth, new settlements beyond the traditional boundaries were established. The High Middle Ages also saw an increase in intellectual thought with philosophies based on Aristotle, new inventions to aid in commerce and trade and the beginning of medieval universities. Artistic works were also produced such as literature, music and architecture including Gothic Cathedrals, many of which were built during this era. It was a golden age.

The Crusades

Unquestionably the most notable events of the High Middle Ages were the Crusades. The pope called for religious military campaigns with the main goal to reclaim the Holy Land of Jerusalem from the Muslims. The soldiers, mostly Roman Catholic, were promised a remission of their sins if they served the church in these movements. Over 10 crusades were fought, some more successful than others.

Though the High Middle Ages were a time of prosperity with inventions and economic increase, Europe’s improvement faced major setbacks with calamities such as famines and the Black Plague. Significant percentages of the population were wiped out as the Late Middle Ages began.